航空装备隐身涂层体系环境试验设计及展望

李旭; 胡锦阳; 刘群; 肖安虹; 罗丹; 吴帅; 刘聪; 贺琼瑶; 任宏宇; 李昊瑜

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.01.018

PDF(1266 KB)

装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1) : 154-162. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.01.018

环境试验与观测

航空装备隐身涂层体系环境试验设计及展望

李旭^1,2,3, 胡锦阳^1,2, 刘群^1,2, 肖安虹^1,3, 罗丹^1,2, 吴帅^1,2, 刘聪^1,2, 贺琼瑶^1,2,3, 任宏宇^1,2, 李昊瑜^1,2

作者信息 +

Design and Prospects of Environmental Test for Stealth Coating Systems of Aviation Equipment

LI Xu^1,2,3, HU Jinyang^1,2, LIU Qun^1,2, XIAO Anhong^1,3, LUO Dan^1,2, WU Shuai^1,2, LIU Cong^1,2, HE Qiongyao^1,2,3, REN Hongyu^1,2, LI Haoyu^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为了开展航空装备隐身涂层体系环境试验设计,建立不同典型环境条件下装备隐身涂层体系的试验设计方法,支撑航空装备隐身涂层环境适应性改进提升。通过航空装备隐身涂层实际服役的典型气候环境特点以及应用在装备上的具体部位,明确环境类型及特征环境因素,分析了实际服役环境对航空装备用隐身涂层体系产生主要影响的敏感环境因素,根据确定的敏感环境因素,结合隐身涂层在装备上的使用部位设计环境试验。概述了隐身技术的重要性,介绍了隐身涂层环境试验的现状,提供了应用在航空装备不同部位以及在不同复杂环境下服役的航空装备隐身涂层体系环境试验设计思路,并结合隐身涂层环境试验的实际需求提出了3点展望。通过开展航空装备隐身涂层环境试验与评价设计,可为复杂战场使用的隐身涂层装备环境适应性考核与改进提升提供技术支持。为实现航空装备隐身涂层环境试验技术面向标准化、体系化、大型化、高度模拟自然实际环境等方向发展的需求,丰富和完善航空装备隐身涂层环境试验设计与评价体系是隐身涂层环境试验技术发展的重要研究方向。

Abstract

Tocarry out environmental test design for the stealth coating system of aviation equipment, the work aims to establish test design methods for the stealth coating system of equipment under different typical environmental conditions, and support the improvement and enhancement of the environmental adaptability of the stealth coating of aviation equipment. Based on the typical climatic environment characteristics of the stealth coating for aviation equipment in actual service and the specific parts applied to the equipment, the environmental types and characteristic environmental factors were defined, and the sensitive environmental factors having a major impact on the stealth coating system for aviation equipment in the actual service environment were analyzed. According to the determined sensitive environmental factors, the environmental test was designed in combination with the use parts of the stealth coating on the equipment.The significance of stealth technology was summarized, the current status of environmental tests for stealth coatings was introduced, the design ideas were provided for environmental tests of stealth coating systems for different parts of aviation equipmentin various complex environments, and three prospects were put forward in combination with the actual needs of environmental tests for stealth coatings.By conducting environmental tests and evaluation designs for stealth coatings on aviation equipment, technical support can be provided for the environmental adaptability assessment and improvement of stealth coating equipment used in complex battlefields. To meet the demands of the development of environmental test technology for stealth coatings of aviation equipment towards standardization, systematization, large-scale, and highly simulated natural actual environments, enriching and improving the design and evaluation system for environmental tests of stealth coatings of aviation equipment is an important research direction for the development of environmental test technology for stealth coatings.

导出引用

李旭, 胡锦阳, 刘群, 肖安虹, 罗丹, 吴帅, 刘聪, 贺琼瑶, 任宏宇, 李昊瑜. 航空装备隐身涂层体系环境试验设计及展望[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(1): 154-162 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.01.018

LI Xu, HU Jinyang, LIU Qun, XIAO Anhong, LUO Dan, WU Shuai, LIU Cong, HE Qiongyao, REN Hongyu, LI Haoyu. Design and Prospects of Environmental Test for Stealth Coating Systems of Aviation Equipment[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(1): 154-162 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.01.018

中图分类号： TJ06

参考文献

[1] 桑建华.飞行器隐身技术[M].北京: 航空工业出版社, 2013: 1-346.
SANG J H.Low-Observable Technologies of Aircraft[M].Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2013: 1-346.
[2] 张弛.磁性石墨烯量子点复合材料的制备及其吸波特性分析[D].南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2021.
ZHANG C.Preparation and Microwave Absorbing Properties of Magnetic Graphene Quantum Dots Composites[D].Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021.
[3] 刘振兴, 姜宁.高速飞行器的隐身技术现状及其发展[J].航空科学技术, 2006, 17(4): 22-25.
LIU Z X, JIANG N.On Current Stealthy Technology and Dvelopment of Aircraft Rampart[J].Aeronautical Science and Technology, 2006, 17(4): 22-25.
[4] 张洪彬, 闫杰, 王忠.国内外隐身涂层环境适应性研究发展现状[J].环境技术, 2011, 36(5): 33-37.
ZHANG H B, YAN J, WANG Z.Research Status and Development of Environmental Worthiness of Stealth Coatings[J].Environmental Technology, 2011, 36(5): 33-37.
[5] 邓龙江, 周佩珩, 陆海鹏, 等.多频谱隐身涂层材料研究进展[J].中国材料进展, 2013, 32(8): 449-462.
ENG L J, ZHOU P H, LU H P, et al.Research Progress in Multispectral Stealth Coating Material[J].Materials China, 2013, 32(8): 449-462.
[6] 何云飞, 徐晨, 徐国跃, 等.低发射率涂层与超材料吸波体兼容性能的研究[J].兵器材料科学与工程, 2019, 42(2): 56-59.
HE Y F, XU C, XU G Y, et al.Compatibility Property of Low Emissivity Coating with Metamaterial Absorbers[J].Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2019, 42(2): 56-59.
[7] 陈彪, 张春元.红外隐身技术在军事上的应用[J].光学技术, 2006, 32(S1): 577-580.
CHEN B, ZHANG C Y.Application of Infrared Stealth Technology in Military[J].Optical Technique, 2006, 32(S1): 577-580.
[8] 王谦喆, 何召阳, 宋博文, 等.射频隐身技术研究综述[J].电子与信息学报, 2018, 40(6): 1505-1514.
WANG Q Z, HE Z Y, SONG B W, et al.Overview on RF Stealth Technology Research[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2018, 40(6): 1505-1514.
[9] 程佳, 苏成欢, 郭嘉伟, 等.光学隐身技术综述[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2025, 62(13): 1300015.
CHENG J, SU C H, GUO J W, et al.Review of Optical Invisibility Technology[J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(13): 1300015.
[10] 曲鹏.飞机声学隐身技术[J].系统工程与电子技术, 1989, 11(9): 23-28.
QU P.Aircraft Acoustics Stealth Technology[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics, 1989, 11(9): 23-28.
[11] 常俊杰, 李咸君, 刘远, 等.空气耦合超声隐身涂层脱粘缺陷检测技术[J].中国测试, 2025, 51(2): 148-154.
CHANG J J, LI X J, LIU Y, et al.The Technology for Detecting Debonding Defect in Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Stealth Coatings[J].China Measurement & Testing Technology, 2025, 51(2): 148-154.
[12] 武恒洲.耐海洋环境雷达吸波涂层研究及应用[J].飞机设计, 2018, 38(3): 69-72.
WU H Z.Research and Application of Radar Absorbing Coating for Marine Environment[J].Aircraft Design, 2018, 38(3): 69-72.
[13] 韩日飞, 周琦, 史天杰, 等.YCrO3钙钛矿陶瓷高温红外隐身涂层制备与性能研究[J].热喷涂技术, 2024, 16(3): 44-49.
HAN R F, ZHOU Q, SHI T J, et al.Research on Preparation and Properties of YCrO3Perovskite High Temperature Infrared Stealth Coating[J].Thermal Spray Technology, 2024, 16(3): 44-49.
[14] 许培伦, 赵文忠.耐海洋环境雷达隐身涂料的研究进展及应用[J].包装工程, 2024, 45(9): 270-279.
XU P L, ZHAO W Z.Research Progress and Applications of Corrosion-Resistant Radar Stealth Coatings in Marine Environments[J].Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(9): 270-279.
[15] 宿兴涛, 孙敬哲, 朱晓蕾.雷达吸波涂层海洋大气环境适用性试验研究[J].装备环境工程, 2023, 20(2): 17-25.
SU X T, SUN J Z, ZHU X L.Experimental Study on Applicability of Radar Absorbing Coating to Marine Atmospheric Environment[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2023, 20(2): 17-25.
[16] 田月娥, 袁艺, 邹莹.海洋环境对厘米波隐身涂层的影响规律[J].装备环境工程, 2006, 3(3): 86-88.
TIAN Y E, YUAN Y, ZOU Y.Influencing Rule of Centimeter Wave Camouflage Coatings in Seacoast Atmospheric Environment[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2006, 3(3): 86-88.
[17] 中国人民解放军总装备部.装备环境工程通用要求: GJB 4239—2001[S].北京: 总装备部军标出版发行部, 2000.
General Equipment Department of People's Liberation Army of China.General Requirements for Equipment Environment Engineering: GJB 4239—2001[S].Beijing: Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department of the General Equipment Department, 2000.
[18] 苏艳, 何德洪, 杜春兰, 等.军用装备自然环境试验方法: 第2部分户外大气自然环境试验: GJB 8893.2— 2017[S].北京: 国家军用标准出版发行部, 2017.
SU Y, HE D H, DU C L, et al.Natural Environmental Test Methods for Military Materiel: Part 2 Outdoor Atmospheric Weathering test: GJB 8893.2—2017[S].Beijing: National Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department, 2017.
[19] 苏艳, 朱玉琴, 刘益新, 等.军用装备自然环境试验方法: 第4部分库内大气自然环境试验: GJB 8893.4— 2017[S].北京: 国家军用标准出版发行部, 2017.
SU Y, ZHU Y Q, LIU Y X, et al.Natural Environmental Test Methods for Military Materiel: Part 4 Indoor Atmospheric Weathering Test: GJB 8893.4—2017[S].Beijing: National Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department, 2017.
[20] 苏艳, 朱玉琴, 杨万钧, 等.军用装备自然环境试验方法: 第3部分棚下大气自然环境试验: GJB 8893.3— 2017[S].北京: 国家军用标准出版发行部, 2017.
SU Y, ZHU Y Q, YANG W J, et al.Natural Environmental Test Methods for Military Materiel: Part 3 Under Shelter Atmospheric Weathering Test: GJB 8893.3— 2017[S].Beijing: National Military Standard Publishing and Distribution Department, 2017.
[21] 苏艳, 张伦武, 朱玉琴.自然环境试验剪裁技术探讨[J].标准科学, 2014(4): 47-50.
SU Y, ZHANG L W, ZHU Y Q.Study on Natural Environmental Test Tailoring Technology[J].Standard Science, 2014(4): 47-50.
[22] 王艳艳, 舒畅, 李超.自然环境谱转化为加速试验环境谱的方法[J].装备环境工程, 2014, 11(1): 34-38.
WANG Y Y, SHU C, LI C.Method for Conversion of Natural Environmental Spectra to Accelerated Test Environmental Spectra[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2014, 11(1): 34-38.
[23] 顾元宪, 赵红兵, 陈飚松, 等.热-应力耦合结构灵敏度分析方法[J].力学学报, 2001, 33(5): 685-691.
GU Y X, ZHAO H B, CHEN B S, et al.Sensitivity Analysis and Design Optimization of thermal-Stress Coupled Structures 1)[J].ActaMechanicaSinica, 2001, 33(5): 685-691.
[24] 刘艳峰, 帅家雄, 戴权, 等.一种带有温度、湿度、冷热冲击、震动的四综合试验箱: CN211706805U[P].2020-10-20.
LIU Y F, SHUAI J X, DAI Q, et al.Four-in-One Comprehensive Test Box with Temperature, Humidity, Cold and Hot Impact and Vibration: CN211706805U[P].2020-10-20.
[25] 重庆哈丁环境试验技术股份有限公司.四综合海洋气候模拟试验箱: 中国, 202211403474.1[P].2025-08-05.
Chongqing Harding Environmental Testing Technology Co., Ltd.4 Integrated Marine Climate Simulation Test Chamber: China, 202211403474.1[P].2025-08-05.
[26] 苏州佳成机械制造有限公司.一种四综合环境试验装置: 中国, 201921971477.9[P].2020-08-28.
Suzhou Jiacheng Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.Four-Comprehensive-Environment Testing Device: China, 201921971477.9[P].2020-08-28.
[27] 国家市场监督管理总局.漆膜颜色的测量方法第3部分:色差计算: GB/T 11186.3—1989[S]: GB/T 11186.3— 1989[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 1989.
State Administration for Market Regulation.Methods for Measuring the Colour of Paint Films—Part 3:Calculation of Colour Differences: GB/T 11186.3—1989[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1989.
[28] 中国石油和化学工业协会.色漆和清漆不含金属颜料的色漆漆膜的20°、60°和85°镜面光泽的测定: GB/T 9754—2007[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
Paints and Varnishes—Determination of Specular Gloss of Non-Metallic Paint Films at 20° 60°and 85°: GB/T 9754—2007[S] at 20° 60°and 85°: GB/T 9754—2007[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
[29] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.色漆和清漆漆膜厚度的测定: GB/T 13452.2—2008[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Paints and Varnishes-Determination of Film Thickness: GB/T 13452.2—2008[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
[30] 国家市场监督管理总局.X射线光电子能谱分析方法通则: GB/T 19500—2004[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004.
State Administration for Market Regulation.General Rules for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Analysis Method: GB/T 19500—2004[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2004.
[31] 国家标准化管理委员会.色漆和清漆拉开法附着力试验: GB/T 5210—2006[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Paints and Varnishes-Pull-off Test for Adhesion: GB/T 5210—2006[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007.
[32] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会.漆膜、腻子膜柔韧性测定法: GB/T 1731—2020[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020.
State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Determination of Flexibility of Coating and Putty Films: GB/T 1731—2020[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020.
[33] 国家技术监督局.漆膜耐冲击测定法: GB/T 1732—1993[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 1993.
State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of the People's Republic of China.Determination of Impact Resistance of Film: GB/T 1732—1993[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1993.
[34] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.金属材料维氏硬度试验第1部分: 试验方法: GB/T 4340.1—2009[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Metallic Materials—Vickers Hardness Test: Part 1: Test Method: GB/T 4340.1—2009[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2010.
[35] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会.金属材料努氏硬度试验第1部分: 试验方法: GB/T 18449.1—2009[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.Metallic Materials—Knoop Hardness Test: Part 1: Test Method: GB/T 18449.1—2009[S].Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2010.
[36] International Organization for Standardization.Metallic Materials: Instrumented Indentation test for Hardness and Materials Parameters: Part 1 Test method: ISO 14577-1: 2015[S].Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, 2015: 54.
[37] American Society for Testing and Materials.Standard Practice for Instrumented Indentation Testing: ASTM E2546-15(2023)[S].American: American society for testing and materials, 2023.
[38] 胡文智, 朱晓芳, 马勇辉, 等.材料和涂层反射率和发射率测试方法第2部分: 发射率: GJB5023.2—2003[S].北京: 国家军用标准出版社, 2003.
HU W Z, ZHU X F, MA Y H, et al.The method of Measuring Reflectivity and Emissivity for Material andCoating Part2: Emissivity: GJB5023.2—2003[S].Beijing: Standards Press of National Military, 2013.
[39] 巢增明, 孙金海, 何山, 等.雷达吸波材料反射率测试方法: GJB 2038A—2011[S].北京:国家军用标准出版社, 2011.
CHAO Z M, SUN J H, HE S, et al.The Measurement Methods for Reflectivity of Radar Absorbing Material: GJB 2038A—2011[S].Beijing: Standards Press of National Military, 2011.
[40] 王焕青, 肖志河, 巢增明等,雷达吸波材料表面波衰减率测试方法: GJB 9885—2020[S].北京:国家军用标准出版社, 2021.
WANG H Q, XIAO Z H, CHAO Z M, et al.Test Methods for Travelling Wave Attenuation Ratio of Radar Absorbing Materials: GJB 9885—2020[S].Beijing: Standards Press of National Military, 2021.
[41] 戴朝明, 巢增明, 肖志河.室内场缩比目标雷达散射截面测试方法: GJB 8807—2015[S].北京: 国家军用标准出版社, 2015.
DAI C M, CHAO Z M, XIAO Z H.Method for Measurement of Radar Cross Section of Scale Target Indoor Range: GJB 8807—2015[S].Beijing: Standards Press of National Military, 2015.